中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
漂亮的加拿大一枝黄花为何成为“恶魔之花”****** 近日,一热心网友在湖北省武汉市城市留言板留言发现一重要入侵物种加拿大一枝黄花,该市农业局迅速响应并妥善处理。 网友城市留言板留言及回复 (图片来源:网络) 党的二十大报告明确提出:“加强生物安全管理,防治外来物种侵害”。防治外来物种侵害,事关生物安全,受到各界关注。在深秋季节,我们常常可以在路边看到一种盛开黄花的植物,这种植物就是加拿大一枝黄花,看看下图中美丽的花朵,你能想象它被部分生态学家、植物学家们戏称为“生态杀手”“恶魔之花”吗?在原产地,加拿大一枝黄花是难得的兼具观赏和药用的植物。但是它们到我国成功定殖以后,逐渐衍变成“生态杀手”——“恶魔之花”。 加拿大一枝黄花 (图片来源:中国植物志) 如何识别加拿大一枝花?它从哪里来? 路遇小黄花,到底该如何认清它们呢?首先明确,咱们本土是存在一枝黄花的,而且有好几种,与加拿大一枝黄花同属。比如一枝黄花(Solidago decurrens)、钝苞一枝黄花(Solidago pacifica)、毛果一枝黄花(Solidago virgaurea)。这些都是无害的本土植物,我们不用挨个都分得明明白白,只需要搞清楚它们和加拿大一枝黄花的区别就行。 加拿大一枝黄花(学名:Solidago canadensis L.)是桔梗目菊科的植物,又名黄莺、麒麟草。多年生草本植物,有长根状茎。最高可达2.5米。叶披针形或线状披针形,长5-12厘米。头状花序很小(4-6毫米),在花序分枝上单面着生,多数弯曲的花序分枝与单面着生的头状花序,形成开展的圆锥状花序。总苞片线状披针形,长3-4毫米。边缘舌状花很短。 加拿大一枝黄花 (图片来源:中国植物志) 加拿大一枝黄花原产于北美,是美国东北部和加拿大分布最多的多年生草本植物,现已成为世界范围内的入侵植物。到目前为止,它已经蔓延到大多数欧洲国家、亚洲、澳大利亚、新西兰和其他地区。从山坡林地到沼泽地带均可生长,常见于城乡荒地、住宅旁、废弃地、厂区、山坡、河坡、免耕地、公路边、铁路沿线、农田边、绿化地带。 加拿大一枝花在世界各地的分布 (图片来源:Chemistry Biodiversity) 加拿大一枝黄花会造成哪些危害? 作为一种多年生草本园艺植物,加拿大一枝黄花自1935年作为观赏植物引入上海、南京等地以来,现于我国广泛分布。种子数量极多,种子萌发成活率高。它能在荒地或受干扰的环境中迅速形成幼苗种群,并迅速蔓延,成为一种常见杂草。例如,研究发现一个6株的小群体8年可以演变成1400余株的大种群。它们对众多生态系统(如农田、荒地、草地、森林等)具有显著的负面影响,据统计,一旦该植物成功入侵果园,可造成10%-30%的经济损失,苗圃5%-15%,蔬菜3%-15%,甚至可造成部分经济作物绝收。 路边的加拿大一枝花 (图片来源:网络) 加拿大一枝花的大规模生长也会导致了许多乡土物种的生态位和多样性的减少,对当地的农、林、牧、渔业及其相关产业造成了严重的负面影响。已成为威胁我国本土生物多样性和生态环境的重要因素之一。更为严重的是,它甚至会危害人类健康和社会经济;随着全球经济、国际贸易、旅游业和交通运输业的迅速发展和壮大,其危害也在不断加剧。因此,已被登记为目前中国最危险的外来入侵植物之一。 加拿大一枝花为何在入侵地难逢敌手? 加拿大一枝黄花有三个特点:第一,繁殖能力强,无性有性繁殖方式结合;第二,传播能力强,可以通过种子随风传播,也能通过根状茎横走传播;第三,生长期长,在其他秋季杂草枯萎或停止生长的时候,加拿大一枝黄花依然茂盛,花黄叶绿,而且地下根茎继续横走,不断吞食其他杂草的领地,而此时其他杂草已无力与之竞争。 这三个特点使得它对所到之处本土物种产生严重威胁,易成为单一的加拿大一枝黄花生长区,造成许多经济作物直接减产,此外,加拿大一枝黄花还可以释放化感物质抑制其他植物种子萌发和幼苗生长,对本土植物产生抑制作用,对生物多样性构成严重威胁。 伴随着全球经济一体化加速发展,全球外来物种入侵呈现快速增长趋势,但远未达到饱和状态,“这不仅是中国的现状,也是全世界的现状”。外来物种成功入侵往往需要引进、入侵、建立和传播等几个主要阶段,在各个阶段我们都可以建立保护措施。我们应当树立防范外来入侵物种,保护生物多样性的意识,不随意购买、放生动植物,共同成为生态文明的守护者!发现加拿大一枝黄花应及时向有关部门举报。 作者:陈晓童(湖北大学生命科学学院在读研究生) 科学性把关:徐乐天(湖北大学副教授、博士生导师) (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |