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刻画“兔”飞猛进的意趣******

　　金兔呈祥（铜版） 李博韬

　　青云直上（水印木刻） 张蒙萌

　　兔飞猛进（水印木刻） 崔正

　　合家平安（木版套色） 王贤丰

　　小版画尺幅虽小，却意趣盎然，不同版种的作品因其不同的原理和技法展现出各自的独特魅力，不拘一格，耐人寻味。新年到来，中央美术学院版画系的贺年生肖小版画展活动举办，三百余幅以“癸卯兔年”为主题的版画，承载着迎福纳祥的美好祝愿。

　　按照使用材料，版画可分为木版画、石版画、丝网版画和铜版画。今年的水印木刻贺年小版画作品，师生们在继承优秀传统的基础上，充分运用水性材料的温润感和水墨比例的奇特变换进行创作。比如，王艺凝的《癸卯贺新》系列作品呈现出了栩栩如生的毛绒质感；丁科的《广寒宫灯》、崔正的《兔飞猛进》采用整版和饾版相结合，并借鉴了荣宝斋和浮世绘的传统印法，虚实渐变，创作出既有传统文化内涵又极具表现力的作品。

　　丝网版画也被称作漏版印刷，运用多版套印和色彩叠加印刷，可以创造出丰富的色彩层次和肌理效果。比如，甘世腾的作品《兔入青云》，灵感来源于山水画《千里江山图》，将青山绿水的元素与兔子的形态相结合，借敦煌壁画中“飞天”的经典形象，寓意平步青云、飞上云端。

　　石版画制作流程烦琐、严谨，印数有限，非常具有收藏价值。赵利奇的版画《弄啥嘞？》是以传统石版作为媒介来进行制作，充分体现出了石版画富有层次、透气、细腻颗粒感的独特语言魅力。除石板材料外，平版画还包括现代胶印版画，即在透明菲林片上作画后，运用在PS板上感光的方式来完成作品印制，更具有便捷性和可操控性，画面细腻，光影感强。陈柏宇小版画《2023别卷了》通过现代感光印刷的方式进行分版、套版制作，展示出了平版画的直接性、绘画性和生动性。

　　 铜版画技法种类繁多，如雕版、干刻、蚀刻、飞尘、软蜡、糖水、美柔汀等，深得艺术家的青睐。金郑晓的《I love U too》运用照相制版技法，将电脑制图和手工制版结合在一起，工艺复杂，画风时尚。苗水仙的《Hello!New Day！》运用美柔汀技法，以摇刀制作黑底，黑中提白，细致入微地呈现出丰富的色调。

　　透过此次贺年小版画展出的作品，我们既能看到大胆的创新、创造以及独到的技艺探索，也感受到大家对传统文化、传统技法的用心用力。许多作品充分挖掘传统节日喜庆元素和吉祥纹样，如朱玄玄的《守月明》、李博韬的《金兔呈祥》等作品呈现了象征团圆的满月，王怡宁的《好柿天降》、贾小童的《柿柿如意》、林楷龙的《万柿如意》、潘虹池的《兔年大“橘”》等作品中都出现了象征如意和吉祥的柿子和橘子。林恬琪的《三兔共耳，扬梅兔气》、李劲弈的《卯兔伴月》、郑琹语的《兔兔团圆》都不约而同地运用了“三兔共耳”这一敦煌莫高窟中出现的有趣图像元素。

　　今天，央美版画系的师生们继续秉持“艺术为人民服务”的初心，深入生活，扎根人民，用全新的艺术面貌制作出“新年画”，用青春洋溢的刀笔，刻画新生活，反映新风尚。

　　（作者：孙亚南，系中央美术学院版画系直属党支部副书记）

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）